Manufacture of thread from hair.



A. WEBB.

MANUFACTURE OF THREAD FROM HAIR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1906.

Patented Nov. 10

' vzvani an .A TA ES Toall whom tt mwyconcem:

Be it' lr iow'n'tliat I, ALBERT IVEBB, horse- 'hair-carpet*niimufacturer, a subject ofthe Britain', and resident of street, Worcester, England, i teamsand useful Improvements Relating some Manufacture of Thread from Hair, jo'f w @the following is a speci- The' present-invention has, for its object themanufacture of a continuous thread from stifi or tailhorse-hair which thread may be used in weaving horse-hair cloth, tailors I liningsand thelike. Hitherto inthe pro- =longestQandfihostexpensive character have been employed and these have been inserted duction of these materials hairs only of the inthe' Work hand one by one as the weavi11g"progressed'.- -'ll1e fabric'to be produced of the hairs procrrable.

' Spinning stiff *horse-hairs together to form a yarn has been attempted, but owing to the natureof such hairs they do not lend themselvesto spinnin and the resulting yarn is therefore unsatisfactory.

" Aco'rdi glto m present invention I make has'also beeif limited in width by the length a horsehair thread without spinning it in thefollowing manner. Hairs are picked or selected from a'bunch and spliced together into a contiiiuous thread by wrapping or blntllllg tllm around with a cotton or other n y rn Preferably two wrapping or binding yarns, are'employed wound in opposite directions and a reinforcing or core thread is also by preference employed. In fine A threads't w here the hairsare used singly with but little overlap this is always so in order that the" coat fail should th selector occasionally omit to present inuity of the thread may not- In preparing a thread according-tothis'method it is by'no means necessary to employ the longest and most .exp'ens'ive hairs; "on the contrary hairs of short 'lengthfs'fwliich may be" varied Without regard to "the'w'idth of the fabric may be employed all "being joined together into a nem ne-length by binding and splicing i jeineie y aybe made stiffer for; more" pliable as the overlap is increase or "diminished.

po egto confine myself to any (instructionof apparatus but in Sp ecification of size.

vwms Application filed l'anuary 15,1906. -Seria.1 No.'-29 6, O59.'

the accompanying drawing I have shown apparatus capable of producing a continuous horse-hair thread according to my invention.

- Figural is a side elevation, Fig. 2 is a detail in plan', and Fig. 3 is an exaggerated diagram of the thread itself.

"In Fig. 1 a is a table capable of being traversed longitudinally about six inches upon rollers b. Upon this table are placed boxes 0 containing hair, the ends of which are turned downwards and project about two inches from the box. (Z is a double lever actuated to work up and down on a center 0 by a cam f fixed on a'shaft g; At theend of the upper. arm of the lever d is a selecting device 71, made to open its selecting finger h when requiredby the pressure of a lever 71 operated by a cam g on the shaft g. When not pressed by the lever z' the point of the selecting finger is held against a bearing surface d on the end of the lower arm of the lever (Z by means of a spring h The point of the selecting finger may be grooved or otherwise fitted to facilitate the,selection of one or more hairs in the act of itsclosing upon the bearing surface d. V

After selecting a hair, which is seized about an inch from its end, the selector de scends with the lever (Z until the hair is inserted between the nip rolls j, one of which is covered with india-rubber or some similar substance capableof adjusting itself to the variations in the size and number of hairs presented to it. The rollers are held together by a suitable spring or weighted lever, in the present instance,a weighted bell crank lever 7'. As soon as the nip rolls j have seized the hair thelever '2' presses the selector and releases the hair and the lever (Z rises with the selector open to repeat its operation vof selection as frequently as may be required to produce a yarn of the desired In Fig. l the'selector isshown as having risen-to its full height and closed upon-a hair, the previously" selected hair being shown as nearly passed through the nip rolls. Close below the rolls is the flier ]t' driven thecenter of the bush m passesthespindle '0 driven in the opposite direction by the whirl "p and at the top of the spindle 0 is the flier q rota-ting inside thefiier is. There is ahole Lof Worsted, cotton or other material 7' and a flier g. Fastened to the top of the flier 7a similar bobbin 8 is similarly attached to the is'a rln'g o shown in plan in Fig. 2 having a spirally coiled wire attached to one side. Through this ring is passed the thread from bobbin r and also the continuous thread from-a bobbintwhich runs on a stationary pin attached to the frame. .of this ring is a hole about one-eighth inch diameter in the center of flier q. The thread from, bobbin 8 is passed through this hole with; the horse-hair,-the thread from bobbin .7' and the continuous thread from the ring above. The whole are passed down the axial hole in the spindle o and through the rolls 14 which are driven at a little faster circumferential speed than the nip rolls j.

. From the rolls a the threads pass to the winding bobbin 1 running in the holder 2 and operated by friction on the drum 3. soon as a hair emerges from the nip rolls i it encounters the ring 2: rapidly rotating in the direction indicated by arrows in the Fig.

2. The spiral wire instantly centers the hair and lays italongside the core thread from bobbin t. Immediately below the ring v1 the hair; and core thread 4 are engaged by the thread from the bobbin 1" which as thus wrapped round them spirally as closely as may. be desired. The yarn thus formed passes on through the hole in the flier where it is engaged by the thread from bobbin 8 rotating'in the opposite direction thus inclosing the hair and core thread in two reversely wound spirals.

Thewhirls l and p are driven by an endlessband taking its motion from a pulley w.

This band passes round the whirl Z then" back to a loose pulley m-from which it runs to the whirl ;0 upon the same side as it left thewhirl Z aboveand passing round this returns to the driving pulley 'w thus reversing the action of the two whirls.

Arrangements of any suitable kind (not shown in the drawing) are provided for .constitutes a compound continuous yarnstopping each spindle separately and for alterlng the speed of the selector, nip, or take down rolls and consequently the number of "twists per inch of the wrapping threads.

The core thread and one ofthe wrapping.

threads may bedispensed with if desired.

7 The dia ram Fig. 3 shows clearly the composition ofthe thread. y are the horse hairs, 2 the wrapping threads and 4 the core thread which is here shown disproportionately coarse. h The whole on issuing from the machine which can be used in weaving in an ordinary loom and at an ordinary speed, The fabric produced is preferable to ordinary hair Below the center cloth used for tailors linings, as the slipping of the warp threads on the hair which is a common defect is obviated.

Weavers of horse-hair cloth will readily appreciate the advantage of being able to weave in a continuous thread of hair, instead of being obliged to insert every hair separately as is now done, and to employ hairof almost any length instead of only the longest and most expensive.

What I claim and desire to secure byLet- .ters Patent of the United States is 1. Apparatus for making a continuous thread of horse hairs comprising a source of horse hair supply in which the hair" are arranged in a bunch or group, a flie a bobbin carried by the flier for feeding the thread for wrapping and splicing the hairs and means for feeding the hairs from the bunch or group to the flier comprising a selecting device arranged to select the hairs from the supply bunch orv group, and intermediate means for receiving the hairs from the selecting device and presenting them to the flier, said selecting devicecomprising a bearing surface located on one side of the bunch or group of hairs and a selecting finger-located on the opposite side of the bunch and means for advancing the selecting finger into the bunch or group toward the bearing surface to select a hair and for releasing the selecting finger from the hair.

2. Apparatus for making a continuous thread of horse hairs comprising a source of horse hair supply in which the hairs are bunched or grouped, a flier, a centering device carried by said flier, a bobbin carried by the flier for feeding the thread for wrapping and splicing the horse hairs and means for feeding the horse hairs from the bunch or group to the flier comprising a selecting device arranged to pick horse hairs from the bunch and an intermediate device for receiving the horse hairs from the selecting device and passing them onto the flier, said selecting device comprising a bearing surface located on one side.of the bunch or group of hairs, a selecting finger located on the opposite side of the bunch or group of hairs and means for moving the selecting afinger toward and releasing it from the bearing surface. i

3. Apparatus for making a continuous thread of horse hairs comprlsing a source of .horse hair supply in which the hairs are arranged ina bunch or group, a flier, a centering device carried by the flier, a bobbin carried by the flier for feeding the thread for wrapping and splicing the horse hairs and means for feedlngthe hztirs from the bunch or group to the flier comprising a selecting device arranged to pick'horse hairs j from the bunch or group and nipping rolls intermediate of the selecting device and flier for receiving the hairs from the selecting device and passing them on to the flier, In testilnpny whereef have signed my saldselectmg dev1ce eqmprlslng a beau-mg name to th 1s speclficatlon 1n the presene of surface located, on one side'of the bunch or two subserlbmg wltnesses.

group of hairs, a' selecting finger located on ALBERT WEBB. 5 the opposite side of the bunch or group of I hairs and, means fer moving the selecting Witnesses:

finger toward and releasing it'fron 'the said W. 'ED WILLIAMS bearing 'surface. ARNOLD 'E. WEB-B. 

